How Intervertebral Discs Lose Elasticity
Intervertebral discs consist of two main components. First, there is the nucleus pulposus, located in the center. It is gelatinous and soft, and is composed primarily of water. Shock absorption depends on the nucleus pulposus. The other component is the annulus fibrosus, which forms the outer layer of the discs. It is made of fibers and its function is to hold the nucleus in place.
Therefore, in everyday life, with every movement, these discs are under pressure: the nucleus flattens and distributes the load evenly. During high-impact movements, the nucleus pulposus acts like a “spring,” cushioning the shock. In flexion and rotation movements, the annulus fibrosus holds the nucleus pulposus in place.
Over time, especially as we get older, the intervertebral discs lose water, making them less elastic or flexible. As a result, the nucleus pulposus dries out and absorbs impacts less effectively. The annulus fibrosus can develop small fissures, increasing the risk of the nucleus pulposus herniating outward, causing a herniated disc.
Understanding Arthritic Neck
Arthritic neck, also called cervical spondylosis, refers to a set of changes in the cervical spine due to osteoarthritis. Degenerative processes associated with aging lead to reduced nutrition and hydration of the intervertebral discs; these lose their elasticity and may even lose their content (herniated disc) or become bulging (disc protrusion). This results in a narrowing of the spaces between the vertebrae, while adjacent vertebrae may develop osteophytosis, or bone spurs, and can even lead to vertebral fusion.
In addition to age-related degeneration, osteoarthritis can also develop after trauma to this area or as a consequence of poor posture or obesity.
Signs and Symptoms
Unfortunately, many people already have arthritic neck without manifesting any symptoms. However, when symptoms do appear, they can be quite discomforting. These include:
- Neck pain or stiffness.
- A feeling of heaviness or discomfort when moving the neck.
- Pain radiating from the neck to the shoulders, arms, or even changes in sensation such as tingling or numbness.
- Headaches, also known as cervicogenic headaches.
- When there is compression of the nerves or spinal cord, this can lead to weakness, difficulty in walking, incontinence, or other neurological symptoms in more severe cases.
Key Risk Factors
In fact, most studies show that over 85% of people above the age of 60 exhibit arthritic neck, even when they are asymptomatic, as seen on imaging tests.
The main risk factors for cervical spondylosis include:
- Natural aging process (age).
- Previous neck injuries.
- Repetitive movements or poor head and neck posture.
- Sedentary lifestyle.
- Inadequate ergonomics at work, school, or university.
- Forward tilt of the neck due to excessive and prolonged use of mobile phones.
How Arthritic Neck Treatment Works
Generally, after diagnosis, most cases require conservative treatments. This usually consists of medication to reduce pain and inflammation, as well as physical therapy. Available treatments include devices such as ultrasound, laser therapy, and electrostimulation. Thermotherapy with the application of cold and heat can also be used. Some patients may benefit from massage therapy and acupuncture.
Once the pain has decreased, it’s important to begin with muscle strengthening exercises, postural correction and general stretching. Techniques such as Pilates, and strength training can be used to achieve these goals.
Regarding prevention and lifestyle changes, the following is recommended:
- Lose weight.
- Correct posture and increase body awareness.
- Avoid high-impact physical activities.
- Invest in physical activities such as Pilates and strength training.
- Maintain adequate levels of calcium and vitamin D.
- Correct neck and head posture when using cell phones and other electronic devices.
- Regular exercise is important, particularly exercises that strengthen, stretch, improve posture, and increase body awareness.
- Consider your pillow and mattress. These can aggravate arthritic neck if they are not properly adjusted to the patient’s body type.
Persistent Pain? Consult our Specialists at Arch Orthopedic & Spine
Aging is inevitable, but pain doesn’t mean it has to be a permanent part of your life. If your pain persists, worsens, or begins to interfere with your daily life, it’s important to consult a professional. The specialists at Arch Orthopedic & Spine are here to help you recover. Please feel free to call us at 706-389-8941 if you have any questions or to schedule an appointment at our Loganville or Watkinsville clinics.
